Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Informant Assessment of Geriatric Delirium Scale.

Background and purpose:

Delirium is a common complication developing in el­der­ly patients. Therefore, it is important to diagnose delirium earlier. Family caregivers play an active role in early diagnosis of de­lirium and build a bridge between health pro­fessionals and patients. The purpose of this research was to achieve the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Informant Assessment of Geriatric Delirium Scale (I-AGeD).

This is a methodological study. The sample comprised 125 caregivers ac­cepting to participate in the study and offering care to older patients with hip fracture aged ≥60 years. Data were gathered preoperatively and on postoperative days 0, 1 and 2. After achieving the linguistic and content validity of the scale, the known-groups comparison was used to achieve its construct validity. The ROC curve analysis was made to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the scale. Item-total correlations, item analysis based on the difference between the upper 27% and lower 27%, Kuder–Richardson 20 (KR-20) coefficient and parallel forms reliability with the NEECHAM Confusion Scale were adapted to assess discriminant indices of the items in the I-AGeD.

The item-total correlation coeffi­cients of the scale ranged from 0.54 to 0.89 and KR-20 coefficient ranged from 0.09 to 0.91 depending on the measurement times. According to the ROC curve analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of the scale were ≥ 91% and ≥ 96% respectively. The parallel forms reliability analysis showed a highly significant, strong negative relation at each measurement between the I-AGeD and the NEECHAM Confusion Scale. 

The I-AGeD is valid and reliable to diagnose delirium in older Turkish patients in perioperative processes.

Investigation of the Effect of Nurse Counseling With Mechanical Valve Replacement Patients.

Background and Purpose: Mechanical valve surgery encompasses the management of complications related to antithrombotic therapy, as well as the complications arising from open-heart surgery. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of personalized counseling on the adherence to anticoagulant treatment, self-efficacy levels, and quality of life (QOL) among patients undergoing mechanical valve replacement surgery. Methods: This study followed an interventional design with both intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. Patients in the intervention group received individualized nurse counseling prior to the surgery and for 3 months following the surgery. Patients in the control group received routine care. Data collection involved the utilization of the Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Form, the Short Form Quality of Life Scale, the Barnason Efficacy Expectancy Scale, and the Anticoagulant Treatment Adherence Scale (ATAS). Results: After 3 months of surgery, patients who received counseling had statistically higher average scores in the Efficacy Expectancy Scale and the ATAS (p < .05). Additionally, providing continuous counseling to postoperative patients for 3 months elevated their self-efficacy levels and increased adherence to the recommended treatment. There were no between-group differences in the subdimensions of the QOL scale before and after discharge. Implications for Practice: It is recommended to provide personalized and individualized counseling covering the preoperative and postoperative processes for patients. Trainings should be repeated, and the contents should be differentiated by considering patient characteristics.

Development of the Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Self-Care Scale.

The purpose of study was to develop the Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Self-Care Scale to evaluate the self-care practices of women with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BRCL); and to examine the psycholinguistic and psychometric characteristics of this scale. The item pool of the scale was created based on the literature in this descriptive study. Content validity, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses used in evaluation of the validity; and item analyzes, the Cronbach's Alpha and Split Half analyzes were made for reliability in the study. The content validity index was found to be above 0.80. In the Explanatory Factor Analysis, a four-factor structure was obtained. In Confirmatory Factor Analysis, fit indices were found to be acceptable. Cronbach's Alpha coefficients of the sub-dimensions of the scale varied between 0.62 and 0.86. It was determined the Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Self-Care Scale was a valid and reliable scale for women with BRCL.

Análise cienciométrica de pesquisas de enfermagem sobre fratura de quadril: tendências, tópicos e perfis / Análisis cienciométrico de estudios de enfermería sobre fractura de cadera: tendencias, temas y perfiles / Scientometric analysis of nursing research on hip fracture: trends, topics, and profiles

Resumo Objetivo Bibliometria, cienciometria e outras metodologias relacionadas podem ser usadas para revelar os padrões básicos, conexões com diferentes temas e áreas e elementos demográficos de um determinado tópico da literatura. O objetivo deste estudo é revelar os padrões e tendências na pesquisa de enfermagem sobre fratura de quadril. Métodos Estudo exploratório descritivo classificado em metodologias de bibliometria, cienciometria e inteligência de negócios. A Web of Science foi a principal fonte de dados. Foram considerados artigos relacionados publicados entre 1990 e 2020. Na análise de dados abstratos, além das tabelas, análise de texto e modelos de rede usados no mapeamento bibliométrico, também foi utilizada a Alocação Latente de Dirichilet ( Latent Dirichlet Allocation -LDA) enriquecida por inteligência de negócios. Resultados Foram identificados 380 estudos sobre fratura de quadril (artigo=351, revisão=29). O número de artigos levantados apresentou tendência de crescimento a cada ano, o maior número de artigos foi publicado em 2020. Em termos de distribuição dos 380 estudos por país, Estados Unidos (n=159), Suécia (n=52) e Austrália (n=32) foram os três primeiros países. Dentre os dez temas identificados pela LDA, destacam-se os cuidados de enfermagem, mortalidade e reabilitação. Enfermagem, delirium e idoso foram as palavras-chave mais utilizadas. Fragilidade e reabilitação foram as palavras-chave introduzidas mais recentemente. Conclusão Os temas cuidados de enfermagem, reabilitação e vivências de cuidado têm sido intensamente estudados. Estudos sobre questões que ocorrem com o aumento da idade e onde o cuidado de enfermagem é importante podem ser conduzidos futuramente com uso de inteligência de negócios e bibliometria.

Resumen Objetivo Bibliometría, cienciometría y otras metodologías relacionadas pueden ser utilizadas para descubrir las pautas básicas, conexiones con diferentes temas y áreas y elementos demográficos de un determinado asunto de la literatura. El objetivo de este estudio es descubrir las pautas y tendencias en la investigación de enfermería sobre fractura de cadera. Métodos Estudio exploratorio descriptivo clasificado en metodologías de bibliometría, cienciometría e inteligencia de negocios. La principal fuente de datos fue Web of Science. Se consideraron artículos relacionados publicados entre 1990 y 2020. En el análisis de datos abstractos, además de cuadros, análisis de texto y modelos de red utilizados en el mapeo bibliométrico, también se usó la Asignación Latente de Dirichlet ( Latent Dirichlet Allocation , LDA) enriquecida por inteligencia de negocios. Resultados Se identificaron 380 estudios sobre fractura de cadera (artículo=351, revisión=29). El número de artículos recopilados presentó una tendencia de crecimiento cada año, la mayor cantidad de artículos fue publicada en 2020. En términos de distribución por país de los 380 estudios, Estados Unidos (n=159), Suecia (n=52) y Australia (n=32) fueron los tres primeros países. Entre los diez temas identificados por la LDA, se destacaron cuidados de enfermería, mortalidad y rehabilitación. Enfermería, delirium y adulto mayor fueron las palabras clave más utilizadas. Fragilidad y rehabilitación fueron las palabras clave introducidas más recientemente. Conclusión Los temas cuidados de enfermería, rehabilitación y vivencias de cuidado fueron estudiados intensamente. Estudios sobre cuestiones que surgen con el aumento de la edad y donde los cuidados de enfermería son importantes pueden ser conducidos con el uso de inteligencia de negocios y bibliometría en un futuro.

Abstract Objective Bibliometrics, scientometrics and other related methodologies can be used to reveal the basic patterns, links to different subjects and areas, and demographic elements of a particular topic within the literature. The aim of this study is to reveal the patterns and trends in nursing research on hip fracture. Methods This descriptive exploratory study can be classified in methodologies of bibliometrics, scientometrics and business intelligence. The Web of Science was the main data source. Related articles published between 1990 and 2020 were considered. In addition to tables, text analytics, and network models used in bibliometric mapping, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) enriched by business intelligence was utilized in the analysis of abstract data. Results The total of 380 studies on hip fracture were identified (article=351, review=29). The number of retrieved articles exhibit an increasing trend by year, the highest number of articles was published in 2020. In terms of distribution of the 380 studies by country, the United States ( n =159), Sweden ( n =52) and Australia ( n =32) were the top three countries. Among the ten topics identified by LDA, nursing care, mortality, and rehabilitation were the prominent ones. Nursing, delirium, and elderly were the most frequently used keywords. Frailty and rehabilitation were the most recently introduced keywords. Conclusion The topics of nursing care, rehabilitation and care experiences have been studied intensively. Studies on issues that may occur with increasing age and where nursing care is important can be conducted in the future using business intelligence and bibliometric.

Postoperative Constipation Incidence and Effects of Selected Risk Factors on Constipation Development in Elderly Patients With Hip Fracture.

Constipation is a common problem in the general population and is particularly prevalent among hospitalized elderly patients with hip fracture due to lack of mobility, medications, and lack of privacy associated with hospitalization. This study aimed to determine the incidence of postoperative constipation and the effects of selected risk factors on constipation development in elderly patients with hip fracture. The study used a descriptive, cross-sectional, and prospective design. Data were collected on the second postoperative day and upon discharge. The study sample included 150 patients. The constipation incidence rate was found to be 77.70%. Of all the patients developing constipation, 87.70% did not have a normal bowel movement even upon discharge. A significant difference was found between constipation development and the total score for constipation risk assessment, postponing defecation, psychological or behavioral barriers to defecation in the hospital environment, preservation of privacy for defecation, and return to normal bowel movement upon discharge. Based on the results, nurses should determine the risk factors for constipation unique to each patient in the postoperative period and conduct appropriate preventive interventions.

Effect of Counseling on Quality of Life and Self-Care Agency for Patients Who are Scheduled for Total Knee Replacement.

This study aims to determine the effect of counseling on quality of life and self-care agency for patients who are scheduled for total knee replacement (TKR). The study has a quantitative and quasi-experimental design with a control group. The patients in the control group (n = 40) received routine care. Face-to-face and telephone counseling was offered to individuals in the intervention group (n = 39). The data was collected at face-to-face interviews by using a patient characteristics form, Quality of Life Scale, and Self-Care Agency Scale. The scores for quality of life and self-care agency in the 6th to 8th and 14th to 16th weeks after surgery were very significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p < .001). This study shows that counseling given by the nurse increases the quality of life and self-care agency of patients undergoing TKR.

Examining the relationship between elderly patients' fear of falling after spinal surgery and pain, kinesiophobia, anxiety, depression and the associated factors.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between fear of falling in elderly patients who underwent spinal surgery and pain, kinesiophobia, anxiety, depression, and associated factors. The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 211 elderly patients who had undergone spinal surgery. The average age of the patients was 66.68 ± 5.57. Of the sample, 83.4% were afraid of falling, and 21.3% were severely afraid of falling. In the study, age (ß = 0.115, p = 0.005), being a woman (ß = -0.182, p < 0.001), pain (ß = 0.269, p < 0.001), risk of falling (ß = 0.084, p = 0.49), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A) (ß = 0.135, p = 0.044), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Anxiety-Depression (HADS-D) (ß = 0.382, p < 0.001), and kinesiophobia (ß = 0.722, p < 0.001) were statistically significant predictors of fear of falling. This study provided important information about the variables that surgical nurses should pay attention to while evaluating the fear of falling in elderly patients who underwent spinal surgery.

Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery patients: Intensive care unit experiences.

BACKGROUND: Intensive care units are stressful places where patients experience physical and psychological discomfort. Understanding the experience of these patients regarding nursing care is very important. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the intensive care experiences of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery patients and the factors that affect them. DESIGN: The research consists of two phases: quantitative and qualitative. METHODS: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Its research sample comprised 100 patients who spent at least one night in an intensive care unit after thoracic or cardiovascular surgery. The Intensive Care Experiences Scale (ICES) and the Numeric Rating Scale were used. Two open-ended questions were asked to the patients to understand what they felt when they were attached to mechanical ventilation and to describe their intensive care experiences. RESULTS: The ICES mean score was 66.35 ± 6.88. Significant negative relationships were found between length of stay and severity of pain and ICES total scores. A significant difference was found between scale scores and being understood by health care professionals when attached to mechanical ventilation. The patients stated that, when they were attached to mechanical ventilation and during their stay in the intensive care unit, they experienced feelings of helplessness, uncertainty, and fear. They also experienced physical discomfort and reported no longer fearing death. CONCLUSION: It was determined that patients partially positively perceived their experiences. It was found that they focused on coming out of surgery alive. The physical discomfort and negative emotions reported can be reduced or relieved by competent care. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The intensive care experiences and emotions of intensive care patients are important. Physical discomfort and negative emotions can be mitigated or alleviated by competent nursing care.

Effects of web-based concept mapping education on students' concept mapping and critical thinking skills: A double blind, randomized, controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Using concept maps in nurse education improves students' critical thinking skills. Offering web-based concept mapping education can increase motivation for learning in students actively using the Internet. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of web-based concept mapping education on nursing students' concept mapping and critical thinking skills. DESIGN: This is a double-blind, randomized, controlled, experimental study. SETTINGS: A nursing faculty at a state university in Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: Second-year nursing students taking the course surgical nursing in the spring term of the academic year of 2018/2019. METHODS: The experimental group (n = 201) was offered web-based concept mapping education before starting practicums. Data were collected using a students' information form, concept map evaluation keys, and the Critical Thinking Motivational Scale at the end of the practicums. A structured questionnaire was used to reveal opinions of the students about concept mapping. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in concept mapping scores between the students offered web-based concept mapping education (16.45 ± 10.91) and those not receiving this education (12.70 ± 9.31) (p= .000). Also, there was a significant difference in students' scores for the subscales of Critical Thinking Motivational Scale expectancy, attainment and utility between the groups. The students reported that concept maps facilitated their learning and management of nursing processes but that they occasionally experienced difficulty. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that web-based concept mapping education improves concept mapping skills and motivation for critical thinking skills. Web-based education could be utilized as a tool to enhance nursing students' concept mapping and critical thinking skills.

Scientometric overview of nursing research on pain management.

OBJECTIVE: to analyse research articles on pain and nursing issues using bibliometric and scientometric methodologies. METHOD: articles in the Web of Science database containing pain and nurse and pain and nursing were analyzed using scientometric methods through data visualization techniques and advanced text analytics. RESULT: among the 107,559 research articles found in the field of nursing, 3,976 of them were written based on the keywords pain and nursing, and were considered in conformity with the scope of this study. Preliminary analyses indicated that the publications have increased through the years with minor fluctuations. Titles, keywords, and abstracts were analyzed through text analytics to reveal keyword clusters and topic structures. Studies on oncology and pain in the field of nursing have a relatively higher frequency. CONCLUSION: the results of the analyses revealed the characteristics of the current literature in a broad range of areas by considering the particular dimensions. Therefore, the findings may support present and future research in this field by shedding light on the networks, trends, and contents in the related literature.

Experiências de adolescentes e suas famílias a curto prazo após cirurgia para correção de escoliose / Experiencias de adolescentes y sus familias a corto plazo después de cirugía para corrección de escoliosis / Experiences of adolescents and their families in the short-term after scoliosis surgery

Resumo Objetivo O estudo foi realizado para revelar vivências de adolescentes e suas famílias a curto prazo após a cirurgia para correção de escoliose. Métodos Este estudo teve um delineamento descritivo qualitativo, e os dados foram coletados de adolescentes com história de cirurgia para correção de escoliose (n=17) e seus familiares (n=9), através de entrevistas em profundidade. Os dados assim obtidos foram analisados usando análise de conteúdo. Resultados Surgiram cinco temas principais: queixas físicas, ambiente desconhecido (centro cirúrgico e unidade de terapia intensiva), mudanças emocionais, querendo que seus pais fiquem com eles e preocupações com o futuro. Tanto os adolescentes como seus familiares relataram que os adolescentes experimentaram não só problemas físicos e emocionais mas também preocupações com o futuro após a cirurgia. Conclusão Os enfermeiros devem ficar junto com os adolescentes e suas famílias e permitir que eles expressem seus sentimentos antes da cirurgia. É importante informá-los antes da cirurgia para aliviar sua ansiedade e melhorar a adaptação. Criar um ambiente adequado em salas de recuperação e unidades de terapia intensiva, onde os adolescentes podem frequentemente ver seus pais, pode ajudá-los a ter um psiquismo melhor. Além disso, programas educacionais devem ser propostos para serem oferecidos no momento da alta e métodos interativos devem ser usados para permitir que eles compartilhem seus pensamentos sobre o futuro.

Resumen Objetivo Este estudio se realizó para revelar experiencias de adolescentes y sus familias a corto plazo después de la cirugía para la corrección de escoliosis. Métodos Este estudio tuvo un delineamiento descriptivo cualitativo y se recogieron datos de adolescentes con histórico de cirugía para la corrección de escoliosis (n = 17) y sus familiares (n = 9), a través de entrevistas en profundidad. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron utilizando el análisis de contenido. Resultados Surgieron cinco temas principales: quejas físicas, entorno desconocido (la sala de operaciones y la unidad de terapia intensiva), cambios emocionales, queriendo que sus padres se queden con ellos y preocupaciones por el futuro. Tanto los adolescentes como sus familiares relataron que los adolescentes experimentaron no solo problemas físicos y emocionales como también preocupaciones con el futuro después de la cirugía. Conclusión Los enfermeros deben acompañar a los adolescentes y sus familias y permitirles que expresen sus sentimientos antes de la cirugía. Es importante mantenerlos informados antes de la cirugía para aliviar su ansiedad y mejorar la adaptación. Crear un ambiente adecuado en salas de recuperación y unidades de terapia intensiva, donde los adolescentes puedan ver a sus padres a menudo, puede ayudarlos a tener una psique mejor. Además, los programas educativos deben ser propuestos para ser ofrecidos en el momento del alta y los métodos interactivos se deben utilizar para permitir que compartan sus pensamientos sobre el futuro.

Abstract Objective The study was performed to reveal experiences of adolescents and their families in the short-term after scoliosis surgery. Methods This study had a qualitative descriptive design, and data were collected from adolescents with scoliosis surgery (n=17) and their family members (n=9) at in-depth interviews. Obtained data were analysed with content analysis. Results Five main themes emerged: physical complaints, unfamiliar environment (operating room and intensive care unit), emotional changes, wanting their parents to stay with them and worries about future. Both the adolescents and their families reported that the adolescents experienced not only physical and emotional problems but also worries about their future after surgery. Conclusion Nurses should meet the adolescents and their families and allow them to express their feelings before surgery. Informing them before surgery is important in terms of relieving their anxiety and enhancing their adaptation. Creating an appropriate environment in recovery rooms and intensive care units where the adolescents can frequently see their parents may help them have better psychology. In addition, education programs that will be offered at discharge should be designed and interactive methods should be used to allow them to share their thoughts about their future.

Factors related to older patients' fear of falling during the first mobilization after total knee replacement and total hip replacement.

The aim of this study was to determine fear of falling in the first mobilization and affecting factors in older patients. The study had a descriptive and cross-sectional design. Data were collected in Izmir, Turkey between February 2014 and March 2016. The sample included 204 older patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. Fifty-seven-point four percent and 42.6% of the patients had total hip and knee replacement respectively. 42.2% of the patients had a severe fear of falling when they were first mobilized. There was a statistically significant difference between fear of falling in the first mobilization and the mean pain severity. In addition, the difference between fear of falling and the mean anxiety level was statistically significant. Pain and anxiety are important factors contributing to fear of falling in mobilization. The results of the study can help develop multidimensional strategies for reducing fear of falling in older people after joint replacement.

Scientometric overview of nursing research on pain management / Revisão cientométrica das pesquisas de enfermagem sobre gestão da dor / Revisión cienciométrica de la investigación en enfermería sobre manejo del dolor

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyse research articles on pain and nursing issues using bibliometric and scientometric methodologies. Method: articles in the Web of Science database containing pain and nurse and pain and nursing were analyzed using scientometric methods through data visualization techniques and advanced text analytics. Result: among the 107,559 research articles found in the field of nursing, 3,976 of them were written based on the keywords pain and nursing, and were considered in conformity with the scope of this study. Preliminary analyses indicated that the publications have increased through the years with minor fluctuations. Titles, keywords, and abstracts were analyzed through text analytics to reveal keyword clusters and topic structures. Studies on oncology and pain in the field of nursing have a relatively higher frequency. Conclusion: the results of the analyses revealed the characteristics of the current literature in a broad range of areas by considering the particular dimensions. Therefore, the findings may support present and future research in this field by shedding light on the networks, trends, and contents in the related literature.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar artigos científicos sobre dor e enfermagem, utilizando metodologias bibliométricas e cienciométricas. Método: artigos do banco de dados Web of Science que continham dor e enfermeiro e dor e enfermagem foram analisados utilizando métodos cientométricos, através de técnicas de visualização de dados e análise avançada de textos. Resultado: dos 107.559 artigos científicos encontrados na área de enfermagem, 3.976 deles foram escritos com base nas palavras-chave dor e enfermagem, e foram considerados em consonância com o âmbito de aplicação deste estudo. As análises preliminares indicaram que as publicações têm aumentado ao longo dos anos, com pequenas flutuações. Títulos, palavras-chave e resumos foram analisados através de análise de texto para revelar agrupamentos de palavras-chave e estruturas de temas. Estudos sobre oncologia e dor no campo da enfermagem têm uma frequência relativamente maior. Conclusão: os resultados das análises revelaram as características da literatura atual em uma ampla gama de áreas, considerando-se dimensões específicas. Portanto, os resultados podem respaldar pesquisas atuais e futuras neste campo, proporcionando informações sobre redes, tendências e conteúdos da literatura em questão.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar artículos de investigación sobre dolor y temas de enfermería, utilizando metodologías bibliométricas y cienciométricas. Método: se analizaron los artículos en la base de datos Web of Science que contenían dolor y enfermero y dolor y enfermería, usando métodos cienciométricos, a través de técnicas de visualización de datos y análisis avanzado de textos. Resultado: entre los 107.559 artículos de investigación encontrados en el campo de la enfermería, 3.976 de ellos fueron escritos con base en las palabras clave dolor y enfermería, y fueron considerados en conformidad con el ámbito de aplicación de este estudio. Los análisis preliminares indicaron que las publicaciones han aumentado a través de los años, con pequeñas fluctuaciones. Los títulos, las palabras clave y los resúmenes se analizaron mediante análisis de texto para revelar agrupaciones de palabras clave y estructuras de temas. Los estudios sobre oncología y dolor en el campo de la enfermería tienen una frecuencia relativamente más alta. Conclusión: los resultados de los análisis revelaron las características de la literatura actual en una amplia gama de áreas, teniendo en cuenta dimensiones específicas. Por lo tanto, los resultados presentados en este estudio pueden respaldar investigaciones actuales y futuras en este campo, proporcionando información sobre redes, tendencias y contenidos de la literatura en cuestión.

Fall behaviors and risk factors among elderly patients with hip fractures

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate fall preventive behaviors in elderly patients who suffered hip fractures as a result of falling. Methods This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed at a university hospital in Izmir, Turkey between January 2014 and December 2015. Data were collected using the Fall Behaviors Scale for Old People. This study was conducted with 103 patients who had a hip fracture caused by falling. Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Results There was a significant difference between age groups in this score (KW = 6.85, p = 0.03). The patients aged 85-96 years obtained significantly higher scores for the sub-scales of protective mobility (KW = 8.71, p = 0.01) and avoidance (KW = 6.03, p = 0.04) than patients in the other age groups. There was not a significant difference in fall prevention behaviors between the elderly with a history of a repeated falls and those without a repeated fall history. Conclusion Although elderly people with hip fractures due to falling has highly protective behavior, they have fallen. Advanced age patient has showed more protective behavior for falling.

Comparison of effects of training programs for final year nursing students in Turkey: differences in self-efficacy with regard to information literacy.

BACKGROUND: Information literate person are aware of where and how they can obtain the information they need. Little is known about student nurses information literacy skills in different education programs. OBJECTIVES: To find out how final year nursing students rated their own abilities to acquire new information. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: This study used comparative and descriptive cross-sectional surveys. Participants were final year students in two different programs, in two different universities in Turkey. METHODS: The study sample consisted of final year nursing students who received training in Classic Learning (N: 61) and Problem-Based Learning (N: 96). As an evaluation instrument for the perceptions of the students their own information literacy, a scale consisting of 28 questions with 7 Likert ratings for each was used (min: 28, max: 196). RESULTS: The return rates of the surveys were 96.7% in the school with classic training and 81.2% in the school with PBL. It was found that the average scores of the students were high, with a mean of 137±29 in the school where the classic training program was carried out, and 163±21 in the school where the training was PBL. A statistically significant difference was found by comparing the average scores of the two independent groups (t : -6.0; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Students in both of the training programs rated themselves as high. However, PBL training had a stronger influence on the development of their self-perceptions regarding information literacy. We conclude that training programs should be reviewed, and new methods should be developed based on these concepts.

Assessment of goals in problem-based learning.

Assessing the learning goals set by faculty is an important part of problem-based learning (PBL). Students also develop individual and group goals during module tutorials. They choose learning activities and create a framework for their self-directed study in order to achieve these goals. This investigation analyzes perceptions of the depth of understanding that students acquire. The effects of setting learning goals by faculty and by students themselves are examined, and we explore differences within groups and within the different years in the program. Nursing students responded to a questionnaire indicating how well they thought they had understood new material, according to both the goals preset by the faculty and those developed by the students themselves. A five-point Likert scale was used for this. The findings indicate no significant difference between tutors' and students' evaluations of student level of understanding within the different years of the program. Students and tutors in all three years indicated that they achieved adequate or good understanding of learning goals. (Students: First year: 91.6%, second year: 76.5%, third year: 90.1%; Tutors: First year: 76.8%, second year: 65.7%, third year: 89.1%) These findings are useful for evaluation of PBL outcomes for curriculum committees. Based on these research results, our faculty curriculum committee has decided to give the students a list of faculty generated learning goals at the end of every curriculum module. The students then compare these with their own self-directed goals in feedback sessions with faculty members. These feedback sessions have been very popular with students.